Structures and Functions in Living Organisms · 6 question types
Past paper frequency (2018 to 2024)
This topic accounts for approximately 12% of your exam marks.
The kidney and urea production appear regularly; dialysis is a common application question.
A vertical cross-section through a kidney shows three regions:
Each kidney contains roughly one million tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron starts in the cortex, dips down into the medulla, and ends at the renal pelvis. Together they filter the entire blood plasma volume around 60 times every day.