Logic Gates and Circuits
Boolean Logic · 5 question types
Exam Frequency Analysis
Past paper frequency (2018 to 2024)
This topic accounts for approximately 9% of your exam marks.
Truth tables and Boolean expressions from circuit diagrams appear in every paper. 4 to 6 marks.
Boolean logic is a system in which every value is either TRUE or FALSE, written as 1 or 0. A logic gate takes one or more Boolean inputs and produces a single Boolean output by applying a fixed rule.
Inside every digital computer the underlying signals are voltages. A high voltage stands for 1 (TRUE) and a low voltage stands for 0 (FALSE). Every arithmetic, control or decision step in the processor is built from logic gates that combine these 1s and 0s.
There are exactly six logic gates to learn: AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND and NOR. Each gate has:
- a rule that says what its output is for any combination of inputs,
- a circuit symbol used in logic diagrams,
- a Boolean notation used inside expressions,
- a that lists the output for every possible input combination.
Inputs are usually labelled A, B, C; outputs are usually labelled Q, X or Z.