Other Measures of Development — Living Standards & Development Indicators | IGCSE Economics

Exam Frequency Analysis

Past paper frequency (2018 to 2024)

This topic accounts for approximately 11% of your exam marks.

stable

Medium

Stable11%

GDP per capita limitations, HDI components, and living standards comparisons appear regularly in Section B; typically 8 to 12 marks.

The syllabus mentions a few other measures candidates may encounter or refer to. They are not required at memorisation depth but are useful for evaluation.

Gini coefficient. A score from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (one person owns everything) measuring income inequality.
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Captures multiple deprivations (health, education, living conditions) at the household level.
Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). Adjusts GDP for environmental costs, inequality, leisure value and other factors.
Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII). Measure gender gaps in HDI components or in reproductive health, empowerment and labour markets.

None of these replaces GDP per capita or HDI; they complement them by showing what those headline numbers miss.